Cara Install Apache Web Server Debian 12

Instal instance server Debian 12 di Vultr.
Buat record A domain yang mengarah ke alamat IP publik instance tersebut . Misalnya, app.example.com.
Akses server menggunakan SSH sebagai pengguna non-root dengan hak akses sudo.
Perbarui server .
Instal Apache
Apache tersedia di repositori paket default pada Ubuntu 24.04 dengan informasi paket terbaru. Ikuti langkah-langkah di bawah ini untuk menginstal Apache menggunakan manajer paket APT di server Anda.

Perbarui indeks paket server.

menghibur

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$ sudo apt update

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Instal Apache.

menghibur

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$ sudo apt install apache2 -y

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Lihat versi PHP yang terpasang di server Anda.

menghibur

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$ apachectl -v

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Your output should be similar to the one below.

Server version: Apache/2.4.58 (Ubuntu)
Server built: 2024-07-17T18:55:23
Allow the HTTP port 80 through the default firewall configuration.

console

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$ sudo ufw allow 80

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Reload the firewall to apply changes.
console
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$ sudo ufw reload

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Start the Apache web server.

console

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$ sudo systemctl start apache2

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Visit your server IP address using a web browser such as Chrome.

http://SERVER-IP
Verify that Apache delivers the default virtual host web application page in your browser.

Halaman Selamat Datang Default Apache

Manage the Apache System Service
Apache uses the apache system service to manage the application processes and runtime on your server. Follow the steps below to enable the Apache web server to automatically start at boot time, and manage the system service processes.

Enable Apache to automatically start at system boot.

console

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$ sudo systemctl enable apache2

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Start the Apache web server.

console

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$ sudo systemctl start apache2

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View the Apache service status and verify that it's running.

console

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$ sudo systemctl status apache2

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Output:

● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-07-09 09:00:46 UTC; 45s ago
Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
Main PID: 2019 (apache2)
Tasks: 55 (limit: 1091)
Memory: 9.7M
CPU: 36ms
CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
├─2019 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─2021 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
└─2022 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
Stop the Apache service.

console

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$ sudo systemctl stop apache2

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Restart the Apache service.

console

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$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

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Reload the Apache web server configuration to apply configuration changes without affecting the existing connections.

console

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$ sudo systemctl reload apache2

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Create a new Apache Virtual Host
Apache virtual host profiles enable the web server to deliver web applications with specific configurations and file types. The /etc/apache2/sites-available directory contains Apache virtual host configuration files that define specific addresses or domains to serve web applications on your server. Follow the steps below to create a new Apache virtual host to serve sample web application files using the example domain app.example.com.

Disable the default Apache virtual host configuration.

console

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$ sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf

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Create a new Apache virtual host configuration. For example, app.example.com.conf.

console

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$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/app.example.com.conf

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Add the following contents to the file. Replace app.example.com with your actual domain.

apacheconf

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<VirtualHost *:80>

ServerAdmin email@app.example.com
ServerName app.example.com
ServerAlias app.example.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/app.example.com
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/app.example.com-error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/app.example.com-access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

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Save and close the file.

The above configuration creates a new Apache virtual host that listens for connection requests on the HTTP port 80 using the domain app.example.com to deliver web application files from the web root directory /var/www/app.example.com.

Test the Apache configuration for errors.

console

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$ sudo apache2ctl configtest

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Output:

Syntax OK
Enable the Apache virtual host configuration.

console

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$ sudo a2ensite app.example.com

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Create the virtual host's web root directory /var/www/app.example.com.

console

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$ sudo mkdir /var/www/app.example.com

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Grant the Apache user www ownership privileges to the web root directory.

console

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$ sudo chown -R www:www /var/www/app.example.com

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Change the directory permissions to 755 to grant the Apache user full privileges to all available files.

console

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$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/app.example.com

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The above 755 permission mode sets the following privileges on the directory and all files:

7: Read, write and execute permissions to the www user.
5: Read and execute permissions to the www user group.
5: Read and execute permissions to other system users.
Create a new sample HTML application file index.html in the virtual host's web root directory.

console

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$ sudo nano /var/www/app.example.com/index.html

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Add the following contents to the file.

html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Greetings from Vultr</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Greetings from Vultr</h1>
</body>
</html>

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Save and close the file.

The above HTML application displays a Greetings from Vultr message when accessed in a web browser.

Restart the Apache service to apply your configuration changes.

console

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$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

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Access your domain in a web browser window and verify that Apache serves your index.html web application.

http://app.example.com
Uji Host Virtual

Secure the Apache Web Server
Apache mendengarkan permintaan koneksi menggunakan domain Anda pada port HTTP default 80menggunakan konfigurasi virtual host Anda. Koneksi HTTP tidak aman dan secara default tidak menyertakan mekanisme enkripsi apa pun. Aktifkan koneksi HTTPS menggunakan sertifikat SSL yang valid untuk mengenkripsi semua permintaan antara browser web pengguna dan server web Apache. Ikuti langkah-langkah di bawah ini untuk menghasilkan sertifikat SSL Let's Encrypt tepercaya dan mengamankan server web Apache.

Instal pengelola paket Snap di server Anda.

menghibur

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$ sudo apt install snapd -y

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Instal alat klien Certbot Let's Encrypt menggunakan Snap.

menghibur

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$ sudo snap install certbot --classic

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Periksa versi Certbot yang terpasang di server Anda.

menghibur

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$ sudo certbot --version

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Keluaran:

certbot 2.11.0
Buat sertifikat SSL baru untuk domain virtual host Anda. Ganti app.example.comdengan domain Anda yang sebenarnya dan user@example.comdengan alamat email Anda.

menghibur

Menyalin
$ sudo certbot --apache -d app.example.com -m email@example.com --agree-tos

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Keluaran:

Account registered.
Requesting a certificate for app.example.com

Successfully received certificate.
Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/app.example.com/fullchain.pem
Key is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/app.example.com/privkey.pem
This certificate expires on 2024-10-17.
These files will be updated when the certificate renews.
Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.

Deploying certificate
Successfully deployed certificate for app.example.com to /etc/httpd/conf.d/app.example.com-le-ssl.conf
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled HTTPS on https://app.example.com
Uji proses pembaruan sertifikat SSL otomatis Certbot.

menghibur

Menyalin
$ sudo certbot renew --dry-run

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Keluaran:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Processing /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/app.example.com.conf
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Account registered.
Simulating renewal of an existing certificate for app.example.com

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Congratulations, all simulated renewals succeeded:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/app.example.com/fullchain.pem (success)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Izinkan koneksi jaringan pada port HTTPS 443melalui firewall.

menghibur

Menyalin
$ sudo ufw allow 443

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Muat ulang konfigurasi firewall untuk menerapkan perubahan.

menghibur

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$ sudo ufw reload

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Kunjungi domain Anda di jendela peramban web baru menggunakan HTTPS dan verifikasi bahwa koneksi Anda aman.
https://app.example.com
Pastikan bahwa Connection is secureprompt muncul di bilah URL browser Anda.

Sumber: https://docs.vultr.com/how-to-install-apache-webserver-on-debian-12